简易水处理活性炭的选择和应用方法

首先介绍活性炭性能测试与水处理活性炭选炭、吸附技术选择、工艺应用的关系,其次报导两个活性炭选用方面的改进方法。通过重新定义、整合、完善现有活性炭性能指标,建立了以酚值、碘值、亚甲基蓝、丹宁酸值为吸附性能指标的选炭方法。这四种指标化合物的分子量与直径覆盖了大多数有机污染物的范围,用此法可减少活性炭应用测试的炭型。在活性炭精选和吸附工艺应用研究中,用微型炭柱进行穿透实验可弥补缩小式传统型、小型炭柱的不足。相对于国外现用微型柱的实验方法,文中介绍的微型柱快速穿透（MCRB）方法的设备要求较低,操作简单,可以在国内大多数实验室中进行;遇过对多种污染物质的实验结果,建立了MCRB方法的可信性和适用性。这两种新方法完善了活性炭水处理研究的实验体系,可降低其应用于水与污水处理的成本,有利于中国的环境保护。     

活性炭吸附-微波技术再生处理粘胶纤维废气的研究

针对粘胶纤维厂冷凝处理后的废气浓度低的特点,开发了吸附-微波再生处理技术。主要考察了吸附剂的种类、H2S和CS2进口浓度、湿度的影响,同时还对微波再生条件和效果进行了实验。结果表明,活性炭对二硫化碳的吸附效果较好;H2S和CS2进口浓度很低(Ci<200mg/m3)时对吸附影响不明显;湿度对吸附影响很大。实验亦证实,微波再生后的活性炭性能有很大的改善。     

化学修饰碳糊电极测定废水中痕量铜

研制了732型阳离子交换树脂碳糊修饰电极,在盐酸－乙二胺体系中,对Cu（Ⅱ）显示出良好的离子交换和选择性,电极具有很好的重现性和较长的使用寿命,可用于废水中痕量铜的测定。     

综合利用石墨化废旧辅料的新方法

炭素石墨制品生产过程中产生的石墨化废旧辅料,在炭素行业是最有开发潜力的固体废物。通过初加工可实现回收利用,经研制开发新产品可实现综合利用。该综合利用方法表明,在实现综合利用中可获得大的经济效益和可观的社会效益。      

代森锰锌和ND－901中代森锰锌在大棚黄瓜上残留动态的研究

采用顶空气相色谱（GLC-HS）分析技术测定了代森锰锌、ND－901中代森锰锌在大棚黄瓜上的残留动态。喷施70％代森锰锌可湿性粉剂的500倍、250倍药液,测出黄瓜上原始沉积量分别为0.88～2.70mg/kg、1.11～3.79mg/kg;半衰期为1.6～9.5天、2.3～10.9天。黄瓜叶片上原始沉积量分别为148.01～164.08mg/kg、246.26～254.51mg/k;半衰期为15.8～16.2、18.4天。ND－901中代森锰锌的残留量均低于单剂。另外,自来水去污处理可有效地减少瓜上代森锰锌的残留量,平均去污率87％。     

苏州市不同土地利用方式对碳排放影响的初步分析

利用苏州市2005—2010年土地利用以及能源消耗数据，对苏州市碳排放进行了估算，结果表明，2005—2010年苏州市碳排放呈逐年增加趋势，建设用地是主要的碳源，林地是主要的碳汇。并根据结果提出了关于减少碳排放的几点建议。     

碳边境调节机制：欧盟应对气候变化的新选择与中国因应

近年来，欧盟考虑在气候变化立法中引入碳边境调节机制，旨在消除境外企业由于碳排放成本不对称而获得的价格优势。这一机制对于欧盟对冲减排压力、助力工业回流、增强气候领导力以及推动绿色转型大有裨益。作为一种碳关税政策，该机制确有贸易壁垒之嫌，在国际法上存在较大合法性争议。但未来欧盟可通过制度设计使其符合《关税与贸易总协定》（GATT）第20条，进而获得实施可能性。对我国而言，该机制实施必将会在诸多领域对我国产生不利影响，但某种程度上也可倒逼我国出口结构和贸易方式的调整升级。基于此，今后我国应自上而下完善碳市场建设，适时推动“碳交易+碳税”复合政策双轮驱动；积极开展气候外交；促进我国承接国际产业转移和出口的可持续发展。在法律对策上，积极参与国际谈判与规则制定；完善气候治理体系；促进低碳外贸发展；健全可再生能源激励制度。     

Initial carbon release characteristics, mechanisms and denitrification performance of a novel slow release carbon source

External carbon source addition is one of the effective methods for the treatment of wastewater with low carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N). Compared with fast-release liquid carbon sources, slow-release solid carbon sources are more suitable for the denitrification process. A novel slow-release solid carbon source (corncob-polyvinyl alcohol sodium alginate- poly-caprolactone, i.e. CPSP) was prepared using corn cob (CC) and poly-caprolactone with polyvinyl alcohol sodium alginate as hybrid scaffold. The physical properties and carbon release characteristics of CPSP and three other carbon sources were compared. CPSP had stable framework and good carbon release performance, which followed the second order release equation. The formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid released from CPSP accounted for 8.27% ± 1.66 %, 56.48% ± 3.71 %, 18.46% ± 2.69% and 16.79% ± 3.02% of the total released acids respectively. The start-up period of CPSP was shorter than that of the other carbon sources in denitrification experiment, and no COD pollution was observed in the start-up phase (25–72 h) and stable phase (73–240 hr). The composition and structure of the dissolved organic compounds released by CPSP and other carbon sources were analyzed by UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy and three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy, which indicated that CPSP was more suitable for denitrification than the other studied carbon sources.

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Spray and explosion characteristics of methanol and methanol-benzene blends near azeotrope formation: Effects of temperature,concentration, and benzene content

The explosion hazard of flammable liquids leaking to form spray in storage and transportation at ambient temperature has not been systematically investigated. This work presents new results from experimental investigations of the atomization and explosion characteristics of methanol, and methanol-benzene blends forming near the azeotrope under different initial conditions (initial temperature (298.15–318.15 K), methanol concentration (198–514.8 g/m³) and benzene content (41–81%)) in a 20-L spherical vessel. The empirical formulas for Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD) of the droplets and the maximum explosion pressure with respect to the initial temperature and methanol concentration were obtained from the quantitative analysis. Compared to the explosion hazard of pure methanol and methanol-benzene blends spray, the results showed that the maximum rate of pressure rise and maximum explosion temperature of methanol-benzene blends were relatively low. Furthermore, the effect of carbon soot formation on the explosion hazard during explosion development was analyzed.     

纳米TiO 2 -碳纳米管复合膜修饰电极伏安法测定水中α -萘酚和β -萘酚

摘要：制备了一种新型的纳米TiO2-碳纳米管复合膜修饰电极，在pH值为5.57的NaAc-HAc缓冲溶液中，研究了α-萘酚和β-萘酚在该修饰电极上的电化学行为，据此建立了纳米TiO2-碳纳米管复合膜修饰电极伏安法测定水中α-萘酚和β-萘酚的方法。优化了试验条件，α-萘酚和β-萘酚分别在8.3×10^-7mol／L—1.0×10^-5mol／L和7.8×10^-7mol／L—1.0×10^-5mol／L范围内，浓度与氧化峰电流呈良好的线性关系，开路富集3min，检出限分别为3.5××10^-7mol／L和2.3×10^-7mol／L，模拟水样测定的回收率为97.6％—101％。